College Students Sleep, Sleep Disorders, And Mental...

When people hear the word sleep, they often fantasize themselves crawling into their cozy bed after a long, tiresome day. For countless college students, sleep is often just a dream. Countless studies have been done to attempt to understand why college students seem to lack of sleep and why they have a challenging time acquiring a suitable night’s sleep. After skimming through various articles, I found a few major themes correlated with college students and sleep: poor GPA, sleep disorders, and mental disorders. The amount of sleep a college student gets can effect or cause the previously stated themes. When a student sleeps, they are not only fulfilling a psychological need to function, they are also preventing things such as a low GPA, sleep disorders, and mental disorders. Through the years, the acronym GPA has grown to become something that a bulk of college students overlook. Nevertheless I learned from experience, GPA matters. I have seen family members in college get tu rned down from internships due to a low GPA; these internships could have helped them find their dream job. A number of higher education institutions only grant internships to students with a minimum GPA of 3.0 (Maynard, Michael L., 2000). Due to this information, students study longer, strenuous hours in an attempt to make up for lost time. What they fail to notice is one vital component they are leaving out of their now crammed routine: sleep. Through many studies, sleep has proven to be aShow MoreRelatedCollege Students Exposure to Mental Illness743 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction Many American students who graduate school seeking a higher education through college and or technical school is typically idolized amongst families and peers. Unfortunately, college has become extremely expensive for those living in the middle and lower class households. Many students often apply for student loans to compensate for what scholarships and federal financial aid to do not cover, such as the expenses of tuition, books, room and boarding fee. The stress of financial aid aloneRead MoreSleep Deprivation On College Students1488 Words   |  6 Pages Sleep Deprivation in College Students Stress Management Betty Diaz August 14, 2017 Abstract A common problem in many young adults in college is sleep deprivation. College students are some of the most sleep deprived people. Their sleep hygiene behavior is worse than adults. An adequate amount of sleep time is 7 to 8 hours each night to complete a regular sleep cycle. When college students have less sleep time, they are disturbing their sleeping cycle and their bodies respond by decreasing theirRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression1431 Words   |  6 Pagesof mood disorder characterized by persistent and profound sadness, hopelessness, helplessness, and feelings of worthlessness. While depression may be a common disorder in many cultures, not many people know about its different types and more importantly how to help themselves or others in the recovery process. There are in fact multiple types of depressive conditions each characterized by its own causes, courses, patterns outcomes, and specific types of treatment. The most common disorders include:Read MoreSleep Deprivation On College Students1125 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Sleep deprivation in college students General purpose: Inform classmates of the importance of sleep  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Specific Purpose: State the consequences of not getting enough sleep Thesis Statement: When the projects, exams, and extra-curricular activities start to pile up on one another it seems as though there is not enough time in the day.   This is when college students tend to lose precious hours of sleep and the consequences can be costly. Organizational Pattern: topical       I. IntroductionRead MoreSleep Deprivation Essay883 Words   |  4 PagesPurpose: To inform. Specific purpose: Sleep is a precious gift that allows people to rest. Not getting enough rest on a constant basis can lead to greater problems, even death Organizational Pattern: Introduction I. Blame It On the Light Bulb.  Ã‚  College students and individuals around the world are suffering from a health problem that can be more detrimental to their health than some forms of cancer.  Ã‚  What is it?  Ã‚  Sleep Deprivation II. People are losing sleep daily, in such a fashion that mostRead MoreThe Sleep Patterns Of University Students993 Words   |  4 PagesThe sleep patterns of university students are more problematic than those of high school students and non-university-attending adults: in one report, university students obtained fewer hours of sleep at night on leisure days relative to high school students, and their nighttime mid-sleep time was later on school days relative to that of high school students (Urner, Tornic, Bloch, 2009). Sleep problems in university student’s likely result from myriad influences, including biological factors suchRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep On Health And Quality Of Life Through Prevention And Treatment Of Disease Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will show different sleep interventions that have been used among one of the most sleep deprived generations, college students. An intervention is a way to improve health and quality of life through pre vention and treatment of disease and other physical and mental health conditions. 7 out of every 10 college students say that they get fewer than the suggested amount of sleep each night. While many students aren’t sleeping enough either, 68% of those student’s state that they have troubleRead MoreThe Effects Of Being Sleep Deprived1292 Words   |  6 PagesNegative of effects of being sleep deprived From the introduction of the research it talks about sleep which is an important element of the human body condition and if properly obtained can lead to effective performance from our dayto-day activities, but nowadays people tend to deprive themselves of getting enough sleep either by carrying out some activities like working late at night, student doing their assignment or research late at night. Sleep is very necessary and when not obtained we beganRead MoreThe Problem Of Depression And Anxiety Disorders1527 Words   |  7 Pagesglance, one might say that the main concerns college students face today are financial difficulties and lack of sleep. But upon closer inspection the main predicament comes into focus; mental illness. Mental illnesses detriment students immensely, with about ninety-two percent of college students suffering from some form of mental illness. The two most common occurring mental illnesses are depression and anxiety disorders. Nearly twenty-seven percent of students experience some form of depression, whichRead MoreTeachers, Counselors, And Even Parents Seem To Think That1403 Words   |  6 PagesTeachers, Counselors, and even parents seem to think that pushing students towards applying to college early is helping them out. When most teenagers already have have multiple college classes, extra-curricular activities, and activitie s outside of school to worry about. To top it off, they even have to worry about getting enough sleep at night and fitting relationships and friendships into their already busy schedule. Teachers, counselors, and parents never really stop to think about whether this

Dropping The Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki During World...

Dropping the Bomb In 1945 America committed an act that some consider to be one of the most destructive acts in the world. It has been questioned why America would execute the devastating dropping of the bombs, nicknamed fat man and little boy, on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War two. One of the first and probably main factors for dropping the bombs was to end World War two as soon as possible. The cost of the war was steadily increasing and Truman wanted keep the cost as low as possible. Truman thought dropping the bomb was a successful way of ending the war quickly. Also, dropping the bomb could be a response to Pearl Harbor and what they did the United States. When a general raised objections to use the bombs, Truman responded by noting that atrocities of Pearl Harbor and said that â€Å"when you have to deal with a beast you have to treat him as a beast† (csis.org). That statement affected Truman’s decision even more because he felt like just calling in airs trikes and keep on battling the war wasn’t enough. Dropping the bombs he felt would get even with the Japanese for what they did at Pearl Harbor. Another factor was that the secret program that the Unites States used to make the atomic bombs (Manhattan Project) cost nearly two million. Spending that amount of money and not using the bomb would be a waste of money and resources. Truman felt the investing in research, tests, and the building of the atomic bombs would be a tragic waste if not used . All kinds ofShow MoreRelatedThe Dropping Of The Atomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki During World War II Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesStates, and the world, knows about the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. There are countless pictures, bombs, and destruction caused, but where did it all start? It started in the Martin Bomber Plant right here in Nebraska. The Martin Bomber Plant was commissioned well before Pearl Harbor in September 1940. All over the country, plants were being opened to make bombs, tanks, guns, and more. Even though the Unites States wasn’t fighting in the war yet, we soldRead MoreAtomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki844 Words   |  4 PagesDuring World War II Americans dropped atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki killing nearly 200,000 people. This resulted in Japans surrender in World War II. J. Samuel Walker analyzes this historical event in his book Prompt and Utter Destruction: Truman and the Use of Atomic Bombs. Over the past 70 years’ extensive research has been conducted and there is an understanding that Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bombs is inconclusive. It is impossible to determine thatRead MoreHiroshima, Japan, And Japan1352 Words   |  6 PagesAnswers Who: Hiroshima, Japan and Nagasaki, Japan Leader of Japan: Hideki Tojo, Minister of war Leader of United States: General Douglas MacArthur Hiroshima Hiroshima is a city located in Honshu, Japan. On August 6, 1945, Hiroshima became the first city in the world to be struck by an atomic bomb. (Hiroshima, britannica.com) From 1868 it was a military center, and was a target for the atomic bombing by U.S. during World War II. Nagasaki Nagasaki is a city located in KyushuRead MoreWhy the United States Dropped the Atomic Bomb: Persuasive Essay1259 Words   |  6 Pagesatomic bomb is the subject of much controversy. Since its first detonation in 1945, the entire world has heard the aftershocks of that blast. Issues concerning Nuclear Weapons sparked the Cold War. We also have the atomic bomb to thank for our relative peace in this time due to the fear of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD). The effects of the atomic bomb might not have been the exact effects that the United States was looking for when they dropped Little Boy and Fat Man on Hiroshima and Nagasaki respectivelyRead MoreThe Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pages4/30/2015 The dropping of the atomic bomb was used to save American lives; the most common excuse as to why President Harry Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb on Japan. In Major Problems in the History of World War II it has been discussed in the chapter The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II that former President Truman recalled how he learned about the atomic bomb project as well as the public opinion on the Atomic Bomb. I believe that the solution that Truman gave when dropping the AtomicRead MoreAmerican Involvement During World War II1451 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction December 7, 1941 marked an important date for the American involvement in World War II. â€Å"The attacking planes came in two waves; the first hit its target at 7:53 AM, the second at 8:55† (eyewitnesstohistory). It was the day that the United States declared war against Japan and got involved in World War II after Japanese planes bombed Pearl Harbor. â€Å"Behind them they left chaos, 2,403 dead, 188 destroyed planes and a crippled Pacific Fleet that included 8 damaged or destroyed battleships†Read MoreJustified or Unjustified: America Builds the First Nuclear Weapon883 Words   |  4 PagesOn August 2, 1938, in the heat of World War II, Albert Einstein, a physicist born in Germany, sent a letter to Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the 32nd president of the United States. The letter suggested America to build an atomic bomb before the Nazi Germany does. However, it took more than two months for the letter to reach Roosevelt. On October 19, 1938, Roosevelt agreed, replying , â€Å"I found this data of such import that I have convened a Board †¦ to thoroughly investigate the possibilities of yourRead MoreAtomic Bombs And Its Effects On Japan1369 Words   |  6 PagesCan you imagine how many atomic bombs that have killed many Japanese during, World War II in Japan? On August 6, 1945, a new weapon with a significant explosive power known as the atomic bombs just has been dropped on Japan. The dropping of this weapon on Hiroshima and Nagasaki there were 262,020 civilians were killed. The United States to chose the atomic bomb in order for Japan to surrender and end the war quickly. Likewise, President Truman as the duty as president and Commander in Chief to protectRead MoreThe Atomic Bombs in Japan1373 Words   |  6 PagesOn August 6th, 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima without any precedent. The explosion viciously destroyed four square miles of the city and killed 90,000 and injured 40,000. (Weber , â€Å"Was Hiroshima Necessary?†) Three days later, a second atomic bomb stroked the city of Nagasaki which killed approximately 37,000 people and injured 43,000 (Weber, â€Å"Was Hiroshima Necessary?†). These actions of the United States still remain controversial today and the UnitedRead MoreAfter the first few days of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Americans, without knowledge of1500 Words   |  6 Pages After the first few days of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Americans, without knowledge of the aftermath of these cities, began cheering and celebrating as the bombings marked the end of World War II. Also, this event showed that Americans would be the ones who would lead the world into the nuclear age. In a Gallup Poll taken from August 10-15, 1945, Americans were asked whether or not they approved or disapproved of the use of atomic bombs on Japanese cities, 85 percent approved, ten percent

Impact of Negative Advertising in Various Sectors Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Negative Advertisements. Answer: Advertising is basically a way of communication between a business and its prospective buyers. The company selling products and services using advertisements to tell the public about their products nature, uses and advantages in comparison to substitutes available in the market. Advertisements hold great importance in this era of cut throat competition. The major modes of advertisement are television, radio, hoardings, newspapers and magazines, personal mails, etc., depending on the nature of the product and the relevant target audience. While the main aim of advertising is to promote your own product, sometimes companies advertise by showing the similar products of other companies in bad light. This helps to attract the customer base of competitors towards your company. This is commonly known as Negative Advertising. This kind of advertising shows competitors in a bad light in order to make the advertiser appear better. It is mostly used in political sector, but has started gaining popularity in casual business as well (Sehba, 2016). This paper provides detailed information about the concept of negative advertising. The aim of this paper is to critically analyze the views of different authors about this practice. The main area of focus is the use of negative advertising in the political arena, different campaigns and their effect on the pollsters. Comparitive Analysis According to Richardson, the term negative advertising covers a very broad area of different concepts and terminologies and hence it becomes difficult to research. The result of research is mostly contradictory, making it difficult to differentiate the intended and unintended impacts of negative advertising. While the focus of this method of advertising is to make the competitors products look bad, but a company should not build up false content. In fact the genuine flaws in the competitors product should be highlighted and how the advertisers product is better should be focused on (Robertson, 2017). Johnson-Cartee and Copeland state that there are three modes that are used for negative advertising in the political sector. These are the direct attack ad, the direct comparison ad, and the implied comparison ad. In case of a direct attack ad, a specific party or candidate is attacked directly. The author found that this form of negative argumentation decreases the targeted candidates image and voting preference scores tremendously. In case of the direct comparison ad, both candidate and opponent are compared in terms of their experience, their records and the importance of their independent commitment (Chang, et al., 1998). According to the authors, this form of ad has the greatest impact on the voters and significantly decreases the targeted candidates evaluation. Lastly, the implied comparison ad does not feature the targeted candidate and in some cases the sponsoring party is not revealed too. These ads give some details about the sponsoring candidates position in the campaign w ithout talking about the opponent. These ads are presented in a way that it forces the viewers to start making comparisons between both candidates (Robison, 2016). The implied comparisons advertisements are not intended to be negative, but their interpretation by the viewers make them negative. These ads increase the voting preferences towards sponsoring candidate drastically. Negative advertisement has two kinds of issue appeals namely political issue appeals and personal characteristic issue appeals. Political issue appeals analyze and comment on the political standing of the candidate, the voting record, issue positions and the criminal records if any. On the other hand, personal characteristic issue appeals talk about the personal life of the candidate, their religion, sex, family background and present or past marriages. Research shows that more than 70% of viewers support negative advertising of political issue appeals as a fair comment, but do not support negative advertising of personal issue appeals (Gregory, 2015). Another author Mayer argues that this research finding cannot be considered genuine as in the course of changeability of issue positions during campaigns, it is the personal character of the candidate that would talk on his behalf. His personality will help to judge if he will fulfil his commitments once he is elected. According to him, if a candidate is free to present himself as a leader or highly moral, then the opponents should be given the right to freely contest their claims. The acceptance of political issue appeals was more among highly educated people who exhibited a better understanding of political efficacy. On the contrary, the people with low education income accepted personal issue appals due to their low levels of political efficacy and participation (Parker, 2013). Johnson-Cartee and Copeland suggested that the overall acceptance of both issues is also affected by the local political culture. Newhagen and Reeves also provided three categories of negative advertisement s namely true negative ads, where the image of the opponent is tarnished without mentioning the sponsor; the comparative ads, where the objective is to not only decrease the image of the opponent, but to increase the evaluation of the sponsor; the hope ads, where the sponsor is promoted as the person who could resolve a particular issue without bringing up the opponents name. It is evident that these three categories are very similar to the mode of negative ads recognized by Johnson-Cartee and Copeland (Lariscy, 2012). When it comes to the importance of negative advertising, Mayer argues that negative advertising is one that forces candidates to be more honest than they would otherwise be in case of absence of this form of advertising. Finkel and Geer support this view. According to them negative advertising holds great importance in democratic countries where the candidate is elected by the general public. Finkel and Geer state that the candidates should not just highlight their own accomplishments and positive character, but should also emphasize on the weakness of their opponents policies and qualifications. Every candidate has a duty to prove why he is better than the rest of the candidates and why his opponent should not be voted for (Kolovos Harris, 2015). Negative advertisement becomes a very important part of such a campaign because its not necessary that the most liked candidate shall win but the chances of the least disliked one to win are fairly high. The successfulness of this kind of advertisement was evident in the latest American Elections. Both parties launched an extremely negative advertisement campaign against each other and the less disliked one managed to win. This also proves that praising oneself does not have that significant an effect as proving your opponent to be a bad person. Mostly all advertisement consultants hold the view that negative advertisement has a stronger impact on people than positive advertisement. Republican consultant Roger stone argues that during focus groups, voters tend to say that they do not like negative ads, but the negative information is retained for far longer by people than the positive information. Democratic consultant Philip Friedman bluntly states that in most campaigns the question is raised that whose negative campaign is better. The negative campaign always works if the campaign is positive, it should be saved for the tombstone. Winston Fletcher explains that positive campaign is not very impressive as all parties are inclined towards the same goals like prosperity, peace, safe streets, removal of unemployment, poverty, illiteracy and so on. The challenge is how they plan to attain these and this complex pathway cannot be explained in an advertisement. So, rather than saying that you are capable to do it, promote that t he opponent is incapable to do it (Schemer, 2010). Talking about the unintended effects of negative advertising, a study conducted by Garramone found that voters did not believe every kind of negative advertisement. Highly educated tend to question the rationality of the comments passed in the negative advertisements. Also, the older voters perceived these advertisements to be less truthful than the younger generation of voters. Johnson-Cartee and Copeland stated three major damaging effects of using negative advertising in political campaigns. Firstly, the boomerang effect, where the negative advertisement puts a bad light on the image of the sponsor and not the target. Secondly the victim syndrome in which a negative ad is perceived as unfair by the voters and it gives rise to positive feelings towards the target (Basil Reeves, 2008). Lastly, there is the double effect, where negative ad infuses negative feelings towards both target and sponsor. The negative advertisement also influences the number of voters who turn to vote. According to Ansolabeher and Iyengar, evidence states that negative advertising discourages people to vote, whereas positive advertising has an opposite effect. Finkel and Geer contradict the findings of Ansolabeher and Iyengar and argue that negative advertising might discourage a group of voters but might stimulate another set of voters to vote by providing them more awareness about both candidates. Their findings show that there is no effect of negative ads on voter turnout. According to Kahn and Kenny, negative advertising has different effects on different people depending on political predispositions. Jamieson finally concludes that mixed advertising is the most influential type of ad when it comes to mobilizing voters. Strong attacks mostly reduce the sponsoring candidates votes as well an overall voter turnout where as contrast ads increase both. Gaps Identification and Conclusion The most important question that remains is how successful negative advertisement really is. Kellerman suggests that negative information has the capacity to change the impression of a good person more quickly than the capacity of positive information to change the impression of bad person. On the contrary, a study by Pinkelton et al proves that people found negative ads less useful than positive ads. Johnson-Cartee and Copeland found that direct attack ads might not be very effective, but direct or implied comparison ads can benefit the campaign as they give voters a fair chance to choose the better person out of the available candidates. These ads are also perceived as more genuine by the voters as compared to the direct attack ads. To conclude, I would say that due to inconsistencies in the terminology and methodology of research and boundaries of negative advertisement, it is unclear to decide if the negative advertisement is more informative than positive advertisement. Even though definite results are not clear, yet one thing that has been proven is that negative advertising holds great importance in any campaign. If this aspect is used tactfully, it can change the whole game. Negative information is retained for a longer time has been proven time and again. Using that information carefully can help the campaign greatly. The precaution to be taken here is that in the course of making the opponent look bad and magnifying his/her weaknesses, the basic ethical ground should not be lost. If that is done, the whole negative ad might just bite the sponsor back. The facts shown in negative ad should be well researched. Hypothetical claims and false accusations might lead to the failure of the campaign. Mayer and Fi nkel and Geer correctly state that truthful negative advertising is an integral part of the election campaign. The works of different authors suggest that a negative ad should not directly attack the opponent because that might get him/her sympathy votes. In fact, a clear and effective comparison should be made which not only makes the sponsor fair, but also prevents the opponent to play the victim card. Lastly, there is no definite result that proves the extent of the effectiveness of negative advertising. The content and extent of negative advertising in any campaign depends on the local political environment, demographic structure and the economic development factors like literacy rate, employment and per capita income. References Basil, M. Reeves, B., 2008. Positive and negative political advertising: Effectiveness of ads and perceptions of candidates: Academia, Available at: https://www.academia.edu/20854930/Positive_and_negative_political_advertising_Effectiveness_of_ads_and_perceptions_of_candidates Chang, W., Park, J. Shim, S., 1998. Effectiveness of Negative Political Advertising, Available at: https://www.scripps.ohiou.edu/wjmcr/vol02/2-1a.HTM Gregory, P., 2015. Comparing the Effectiveness of Positive and Negative Political Campaigns. Volume 11, Available at: https://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1311/comparing-the-effectiveness-of-positive-and-negative-political-campaigns Kolovos, I. Harris, P., 2015. Does negative advertising work?, Available at: https://www.academia.edu/29087959/Does_negative_advertising_work Lariscy, R., 2012. Why negative political ads work, Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/2012/01/02/opinion/lariscy-negative-ads/index.html Parker, R., 2013. Does negative advertising work?, Available at: https://www.smartcompany.com.au/technology/does-negative-advertising-work/ Robertson, T., 2017. Ethics of Negative Advertising, Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/ethics-negative-advertising-26128.html Robison, M., 2016. People say they don't like negative political ads, but do they work?, Available at: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/do-negative-political-ads-work/ Schemer, C., 2010. Reinforcing Spirals of Negative Affects and Selective Attention to Advertising in a Political Campaign: NCCR, Available at: https://www.academia.edu/9344448/Reinforcing_Spirals_of_Negative_Affects_and_Selective_Attention_to_Advertising_in_a_Political_Campaign Sehba, 2016. Meaning, Objectives, and Importance of Advertising, Available at: https://www.importantindia.com/23997/meaning-objectives-and-importance-of-advertising/